Malware + Security & Privacy

For years, Mac users believed they were immune to viruses and other malicious software. Apple’s built-in defenses like Gatekeeper and XProtect reinforced that perception, and compared to Windows PCs, Macs historically faced fewer attacks. But times have changed. As Macs grow in popularity with individuals, businesses, and even governments, they’ve become a more attractive target for cybercriminals. In 2025, Mac malware is not just possible — it’s increasingly sophisticated, and it’s targeting users who still underestimate the risk.

Are Macs Vulnerable in 2025?

Yes — and more than ever. As of 2025, Macs account for nearly 16% of global desktop and laptop market share, according to StatCounter. This growth makes them an increasingly attractive target for cybercriminals who want maximum reach for their malware campaigns. In recent years, security researchers have uncovered Mac-specific ransomware (KeRanger), sophisticated spyware (XSLCmd), and large-scale adware networks like Shlayer, which at its peak accounted for almost 30% of all detected Mac malware. Attackers have also been using cross-platform threats — malicious code written to run on both Windows and macOS — to streamline their operations. This means that a single phishing campaign can compromise users across different operating systems without changing tactics. In short, Macs are no longer “too small to bother with” in the cybercrime world.

Types of Mac Malware

While the word “virus” is often used as a catch-all, most threats to Macs today fall into broader malware categories. Understanding these can help you spot trouble before it escalates:

Newer threats, like HVNC (Hidden Virtual Network Computing), even allow attackers to control your Mac remotely without your knowledge. While some malware relies on old-fashioned tricks like malicious email attachments, others exploit sophisticated supply chain vulnerabilities or poisoned downloads from otherwise trusted websites.

How Malware Infects a Mac

Mac malware doesn’t just appear, it gets in through specific attack vectors. Some of the most common include:

• Phishing emails or messages: Criminals disguise malicious links or attachments as invoices, shipping notifications, or even Apple account alerts. The Shlayer adware campaign began with fake Flash Player updates linked in emails and malicious websites.
• Trojanized downloads: Legitimate-looking apps are bundled with hidden malware. The OSX.Dok Trojan, for example, pretended to be a macOS security update to hijack network traffic.
• Compromised developer tools: In the XcodeGhost incident, developers unknowingly downloaded a modified version of Apple’s Xcode tool, leading to infected apps being published in the App Store.
• Malicious ads and search poisoning: Clicking an ad or a top search result for a popular download can lead to a site serving malware. This was a key tactic in the OSX.Pirrit adware campaign.
• Public Wi-Fi and man-in-the-middle attacks: Attackers can inject malicious payloads into downloads when users are on unsecured networks.

These infection methods often rely on social engineering, tricking the user into granting access, which makes awareness just as important as technical defenses.

Signs Your Mac Might Be Infected

Malware doesn’t always make itself obvious, but these red flags can indicate trouble:

• Sudden slowdowns or overheating: Cryptomining malware like LoudMiner can max out your CPU and GPU.
• Frequent pop-up ads or browser redirects: Common with adware infections such as Genieo.
• Apps or processes you don’t recognize: Especially if they launch at startup.
• Changes to your homepage or search engine: Often caused by browser hijackers.
• Security warnings from macOS or antivirus tools: Don’t ignore them, even if your Mac seems fine.
• Disabled security settings: Some malware will try to turn off Gatekeeper or firewall protections.
• Strange network activity: High outgoing traffic when idle may indicate data theft or remote control malware like HVNC.

If you spot two or more of these symptoms, it’s time for a full system scan and possible cleanup.

macOS Built-In Protections — and Their Limits

Apple has invested heavily in making macOS safer out of the box, layering multiple security tools to catch threats before they cause damage. These include real-time malware scanning, system file protection, and app verification processes designed to block untrusted software. While these measures create a strong baseline, no operating system is completely immune. Zero-day exploits, social engineering, and advanced persistent threats can still slip past Apple’s defenses, especially if users override security warnings.

Layered Protection Strategies

Keeping your Mac safe means combining Apple’s built-in defenses with smart personal habits and, for many users, dedicated security software. Good security habits include:

• Only downloading apps from the Mac App Store or trusted developer websites.
• Keeping macOS and all apps updated.
• Using strong, unique passwords and enabling two-factor authentication.
• Avoiding suspicious links or downloads from unfamiliar sources.
• Enabling FileVault encryption.

For stronger protection, consider adding a reputable Mac antivirus solution like Intego. Beyond real-time scanning, Intego offers features such as web threat blocking, firewall controls, and privacy protection tools. This layered approach is especially valuable for those handling sensitive work data, traveling frequently, or managing shared devices.

When to Consider Antivirus Software

While some casual Mac users might get by with built-in protections and careful habits, antivirus software becomes a smart investment if you:

• Download software from outside the Mac App Store.
• Share files frequently via USB, AirDrop, or cloud services.
• Travel often or use public Wi-Fi networks.
• Store sensitive personal or business data.
• Want the reassurance of real-time threat detection.

Intego’s Mac security suite combines antivirus, firewall, and system optimization offers:

• Real-time malware and ransomware protection
• Advanced firewall controls for network safety
• System optimizer to clear caches, manage startup items, and improve performance
• Web threat blocking to stop phishing and malicious sites before they load

Quick “Am I Protected?” Self-Check

Run through this checklist:

• Is my macOS updated to the latest version? Updates often patch security holes.
• Do I only download from trusted sources? Avoid torrents, freeware sites, and random download links.
• Is FileVault enabled? Encryption keeps your data safe if your Mac is lost or stolen.
• Do I run regular malware scans? Weekly scans are ideal, plus real-time monitoring if available.
• Do I use a VPN or firewall on public Wi-Fi? These prevent snooping and man-in-the-middle attacks.
• Are my passwords strong and unique? Consider a password manager to reduce reuse.
• Is my antivirus or security suite active and up to date? A dormant or outdated tool offers little protection.

If you answer “no” to even one of these, you have a gap in your security posture that’s worth fixing now.

The Bottom Line: How to Keep Your Mac Virus-Free

Macs are not invincible, but with the right mix of built-in tools, good habits, and layered protection, they can be exceptionally secure. Apple’s defenses like XProtect, MRT, and Gatekeeper offer a strong foundation, but they’re not foolproof against phishing scams, zero-day exploits, or cleverly disguised malware. By keeping your macOS updated, downloading only from trusted sources, enabling FileVault, and adding a reputable antivirus like Intego, you can significantly reduce your risk. Cybersecurity is not about paranoia; it’s about staying one step ahead of evolving threats while enjoying the benefits of your Mac with confidence.

Frequently Asked Questions About Mac Viruses

Can Macs really get viruses, or is that a myth?

Yes. While Macs face fewer threats than Windows PCs, they are not immune. As their popularity grows, so does cybercriminal interest. Modern Mac malware includes adware, spyware, ransomware, and Trojans, all capable of stealing data or damaging your system.

Is macOS secure enough without antivirus software?

macOS offers strong built-in protections like Gatekeeper and XProtect, but they focus on known threats. They can’t always detect or stop brand-new malware, phishing scams, or social engineering attacks. For full coverage, antivirus software adds real-time detection and broader protection.

What types of malware target Macs the most?

Adware and potentially unwanted programs (PUPs) are most common, followed by spyware, Trojans, and ransomware. Some threats, like cryptominers, use your Mac’s resources without permission, slowing performance and increasing wear on hardware.

Can Macs get ransomware infections?

Yes. Although rarer than on Windows, Mac ransomware exists. Examples like KeRanger have successfully encrypted user data, demanding payment for its return. Good backups and security software are your best defense.

Does Gatekeeper or XProtect block all threats?

No. They block many known threats but can’t guarantee protection against new, evolving malware or scams that trick you into bypassing security warnings.

What are the warning signs my Mac might be infected?

Common signs include slow performance, overheating, browser redirects, unexpected pop-ups, new apps you didn’t install, or changes to your search engine or homepage.

Is Safari safe from online threats?

Safari includes built-in protections like fraudulent website warnings and sandboxing, but it can’t block all malicious sites or downloads. Pairing it with a reputable antivirus and exercising caution online is wise.

What’s the difference between a virus, malware, and adware?

A virus is a type of malware that can replicate and spread. Malware is the general term for harmful software, including viruses, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Adware is a type of malware focused on showing unwanted ads and tracking your activity.

How often should I run malware scans on my Mac?

Run a full scan at least once a week, or immediately if you notice suspicious behavior. Real-time protection will scan files as they’re opened or downloaded, providing ongoing security.

What antivirus features should Mac users look for in 2025?

Look for real-time scanning, ransomware protection, phishing and web filtering, automatic updates, and privacy features like VPN and password managers. A Mac-specific antivirus like Intego will also understand the unique security needs of macOS.

About Shira Stieglitz