Ransomware -
What It Is, How It Works, and How to Stay Protected

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that locks or encrypts your files, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid. It’s one of the most serious cybersecurity threats today, as attackers often demand payment in cryptocurrency and may threaten to delete or leak stolen data if victims refuse to pay. Strong cybersecurity practices and antivirus protection are key to preventing ransomware attacks.

Yes. Ransomware is a specific type of malware. While malware can take many forms (viruses, worms, spyware), ransomware is unique because it demands payment in exchange for restoring access to files or systems.

Most ransomware infections start with phishing emails containing malicious attachments or links. Others spread through compromised websites, pirated software, or exploiting software vulnerabilities. Once downloaded, the ransomware installs silently and begins encrypting files.

Ransomware uses strong encryption to lock your files, making them completely inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Attackers often display a ransom note demanding payment for the decryption key, and in some cases, they may steal and threaten to publish your data. Using reliable antivirus protection and a secure VPN like Intego VPN helps reduce your exposure to ransomware attacks by keeping your connection private and your data safer online.

Ransomware spreads by exploiting vulnerabilities in networked systems, allowing it to move from one device to another. It can quickly infect shared drives, cloud sync services, and unsecured accounts, locking files across entire organizations. Strong security tools like Intego firewall help block unauthorized access and stop ransomware from spreading through your network, especially when combined with trusted antivirus protection.

Crypto-ransomware is considered the most dangerous type because it encrypts your files using advanced algorithms, making decryption nearly impossible without the attacker’s key. Some modern variants also steal sensitive data before locking it, adding pressure to pay the ransom. Using trusted protection like Intego Antivirus helps detect and block ransomware before it can encrypt or exfiltrate your files, keeping your data secure.

Not exactly. Ransomware is one form of cyber-extortion, where attackers demand money in exchange for access to data. Cyber-extortion also includes threats like DDoS-for-ransom or data theft without encryption. Ransomware, however, is the most widespread form today.

Crypto-ransomware’s main function is to encrypt files so victims can’t access them. Attackers then demand payment for a decryption key. Unlike scareware or locker ransomware, crypto-ransomware leaves systems running but denies access to critical data, making it especially effective.